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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet statesman, the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991) and the first and only President of the USSR (1990–1991). He introduced the policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness), which led to a broad liberalisation of political life in the Soviet Union. Internationally, he is associated with the doctrine of "new thinking" in relations with the West, a process widely credited with ending the Cold War. His tenure coincided with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After leaving office he remained active in public life and headed international foundations.

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