Haakon VIII
Haakon VIII was King of Norway from 1905 to 1957. He took the throne after the dissolution of the union with Sweden, having been elected king by the Norwegian Storting as the son of the previous Danish-born king, and he helped legitimise the newly independent Norwegian monarchy. During the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War, he refused to abdicate on Nazi demands, fled into exile in London and became a rallying figure for Norwegian resistance. After the war he returned to Norway and reigned until his death.
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Zelensky meets Trump's envoys in Oslo on peace proposal; Witkoff heads to St Petersburg to brief Putin
On 20 October, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky met US special envoy Steve Witkoff in Oslo, alongside Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Finnish President Alexander Stubb. Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner joined remotely, ill with flu, while representatives of the E4 group, the EU and NATO also took part. After the talks, Witkoff was set to travel to St Petersburg on 21 October to deliver to Vladimir Putin a document laying out security-guarantee options, including NATO membership, an Article 5-style model and an 'Article 5-light' variant, that the US, Ukraine and European partners drafted jointly over the past week.