Ukrainian Insurgent Army
The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was the military arm of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, active mainly in western Ukrainian territories during World War II and the early postwar years. The UPA fought German occupation forces and later Soviet security units, and carried out ethnic cleansing against the Polish civilian population in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. After the war, remnants of UPA units continued an underground struggle until the mid-1950s. The recognition and commemoration of the UPA remains a subject of historical and political debate in Ukraine and beyond.
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