Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI)
The Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI) is a U.S. Department of Defense program created by Congress in 2018 to provide security assistance to Ukraine through direct purchases from the defense budget, rather than transfers of U.S. military equipment. It was designed to complement the existing Ukraine Military Assistance program (which relies on presidential drawdown authority) by funding longer-term contracts for weapons, training, and sustainment tailored to Ukraine's needs. After Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022, Congress significantly expanded USAI funding through supplemental appropriations, using it to finance the procurement of air-defense munitions and other critical capabilities for the Ukrainian armed forces.
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